The Genius of Alexander the Great Book Review Essay Example for Free

The Genius of Alexander the Great Book Review Essay Alexander III of Macedon, widely known as Alexander the Great, is opinioned by some people to have been a ruthless man who only had a thirst for conquest , but according to others he was a man of intellect and â€Å"statesmanlike vision† (Hammond Preface). In N.G.L. Hammond’s book The Genius of Alexander the Great, as stated in the preface, he tries to refrain from writing based on his own opinion of Alexander, and instead analyzes the few surviving narratives on Alexander’s achievements in an unbiased manner. He portrays the conquests, struggles, and greatest achievements of Alexander’s career, such as the building of his empire that stretched from the eastern Mediterranean coast through Asia Minor and the Indus Valley (Hammond Preface). Hammond’s main goal is to evaluate the life of Alexander and to write an account of him which is as close to the true facts of his profession as one can achieve. Hammond claims that Alexander did more than any other individual to shape the history of civilization, which led to the title of his book. (Hammond preface) But what was it that made Alexander the Great so ‘great’? In the early years of his life, he wanted to achieve glory and excellence, and that dream stuck with him until his death. His ability to establish his positions and to forge an empire like no other led to the creation of his legendary name. Alexander overcame hardships, such as nationalism and racism, to build his kingdom using intellect and personality. Even at a young age he showed independence and courage when he tamed the wild stallion Bucephalus (Hammond 2). And that was only the beginning of him proving his worth and his leadership qualities. He was an admirable public speaker (Hammond 27), and he showed great amounts of courage and independence in his life time. At his first battle, the battle of the river Granicus, the Persians placed â€Å"their excellent cavalry 20,000 strong on the level ground facing the river and their 20,000 Greek mercenary infantry on the hillside above the level ground† (Hammond 65) as a defense mechanism that could not be turned on either side (Hammond 66). This battle proved his characteristic speed and courage when he formed a line for frontal attack which included Greek Calvary, Thracian cavalry, archers, Paeonian cavalry, the lancers, and the Hypaspists (Hammond 66) and attacked the Persians, prevailing due to his â€Å"strength, experience, and lances of cornelwood against javelines† (Hammond 67). He was a military genius, and it was because of this that he was victorious at that first battle. In Hammond’s opinion, Alexander’s â€Å"immediate grasp of the tactical situation, his coordination of all arms in a coordinated attack, and his ingenuity in combining the initial assault with the extension of his line upstream to the right were all brilliant† (Hammond 68). But how had he learned to become so ‘brilliant’ when it came to military? According to the text, he became educated in his military matters when he turned fourteen and attended the School of Royal Pages in 342 B.C.E. (Hammond 4). He took a four year course where he learned liberal arts, horsemanship, and basic subjects of school until he graduated on his eighteenth birthday (Hammond 5). It is because of this education that he received the start of his admirable career. Hammond provides multiple points in his book that show Alexander’s ‘greatness’, such as the Balkan campaign, where he broke through the Haemus Pass, crossed the Danube, and led his army through Wolf’s Pass without losing a single man (Hammond 39); the revolt and capture of Thebes, where his march into Thebes was â€Å"so swift that the Thebans did not know of his approach† (Hammond 44); and the battle of Gaugamela, where he defeated Darius III Codomannus and afterwards was acclaimed ‘King of Asia’ by the Macedonians (Hammond 110). During 340 B.C.E., Alexander commanded the Macedonian forces and defeated the Maedi in the Strymon Valley (Hammond 6). He captured their city and renamed it ‘Alexandropolis’. This was the beginning of his conquering and renaming of cities after himself, adding to his empire. He was liked by many people due to his great gift of friendship (Hammond 5), allowing him to become admired and respected as a leader. There were many events that lead to the death of Alexander, one including the passing of his best friend Hephaestion, which caused Alexander to fast and lay in grief for two days (Hammond 196). Before he died, he believed that if he gave thanks to the gods and prayed, they would hear his thoughts and grant him salvation. Because of this, he did not arrange a transition of power (Hammond 200). However, Alexander did not have the gods on his side as much as he thought he did because on June 10th, 323 B.C.E. he died at the age of thirty-two (Hammond 198). He had obtained a fever and later lost his power of speech (Hammond 197). Soldiers came into his room and â€Å"as the men filed past he was unable to speak but greeted them with his eyes† (Hammond 198). It was suggested that he died of malaria tropica, and other reports said he died of poisoning or alcoholism (Hammond 198). Nicolas Geoffrey Lemprià ¨re Hammond, otherwise known as N.G.L. Hammond, was a professor of Greek University of Cambridge (N.G.L. Hammond: Professor†¦). He was born on November 15th, 1907 and died March 21st, 2001 (N.G.L. Hammond Bio†¦). He has written multiple books including his first book A History of Greece to 322 B.C.E., Alexander the Great: King, Commander, and Statesman and a three-volume collection titled History of Macedonia. He attended Fettes College and Gonville and Caius College in Cambridge (N.G.L. Hammond Bio†¦). In 1954, he became headmaster at Clifton College, and in 1962 he was appointed professor of Greek at Bristol University (N.G.L. Hammond Bio†¦). He was mainly recognized for his writing of books on Alexander’s life until his retirement in 1973 (N.G.L. Hammond: Professor†¦). Hammond’s works cited page was limited to books only in English and included Vergina: the Royal Tombs and the Ancient City by M. Andronicos, Coquest and Empire: the Reign of Alexander the Great by A.B. Bosworth, Alexander the Great by R. Lane Fox, and Alexander the Great and the Greeks of Asia Minor by A.G. Heisserer. He incorporated many of the books he himself wrote, such as The Macedonian State. Many of his secondary sources came from London and Oxford. He also used ancient narratives that dated between three and five centuries after Alexander’s career (Hammond preface). Hammond used writings from Arrian, whom received his information from Ptolemy and Aristobulus. They campaigned with Alexander and were considered to be trustworthy sources according to Hammond (Hammond preface). Hammond also obtained information from Plutarch’s reports, but Plutarch relied on accounts of information from Cleitarchus, a contemporary, which were considered to be untrustworthy because his books contained many errors (Hammond preface). In his opening paragraph, Hammond used an excerpt from Marsyas Macedon’s book The Upbringing of Alexander. Macedon was a contemporary of Alexander and an eyewitness to Alexander’s taming of the horse Bucephalus. One of his sources, Coins of the Macedonians by M.J. Price, was found in a British museum from 1974, and all of his English sources were created throughout the 1900s. His book includes an appendix in the back which allows the reader to access certain points of information in the text in an efficient way. Hammond does not cite his sources within his text, nor does his book contain any footnotes. He also refrained from using full dates, leaving out B.C.E. and instead just writing dates such as â€Å"342.† The author achieved his goal of presenting the evidence that supported Alexander’s goals and exposing his success. In the beginning of the book, as stated in the preface and in the introduction of this paper, Hammond wrote that he wished to not use bias against Alexander, but instead analyze the narratives. In the book, it appeared that Hammond thought very highly of Alexander, as evident by the title of the book The Genius of Alexander the Great. According to Hammond, Alexander is a genius in the ways he built his empire and fought his battles. He often used the word ‘brilliant’ to describe Alexander’s actions, such as the â€Å"brilliant victory† against the Scythians (Hammond 146) and the way he set up his army to win the battle of the river Granicus stating it was â€Å"all brilliant† (Hammond 68). Hammond cites all his sources and provides a well written book filled with a great amount of detail and description on Alexander’s life, his battles, his teachings, what he learned, and how he overcame his biggest challenges. He plays out his text in a fashion that is understandable and interesting. He does not drone on about a certain subject, but stays right to the point. Hammond does not display his evidence in a chaotic and confusing manner, but instead exhibits the information in a consecutive way. The book begins with his childhood and ends with his death. He labels each section with a title. For example: The Campaign and the battle of Gaugamela (Hammond 103) and Coinage and culture in 336-335 (Hammond 53). There are also illustrations in the text available to the reader such as maps – map of the Alexander city at Ai Khanoum (Hammond 158), sculptures, paintings, and gold medallions. All his pictures are cited on their own citation page (Hammond xii). Hammond provides multiple examples of his text, giving great detail of the actions Alexander partook in. For example, the revolt of Thebes, The war at sea and the siege of Halicarnassus, The crossing of the Oxus, the Branchidae and the failure of Bessus (Hammond 44, 73, 140). Paul Cartledge is a fan of Alexander, which led him to compose the book Alexander the Great. He starts his book out by saying, â€Å"He [Alexander] is one of those very few genuinely iconic figures, who have both remade the world they knew and constantly inspire us to remake our own worlds, both personal and more global† (Cartledge preface). Both Hammond and Cartledge present Alexander as a legendary figure. Cartledge states that â€Å"Alexander was in various countries and at various times a hero . . . but he was most famous of all as a conqueror† (Cartledge 1). Hammond agrees with the statement that Alexander was a conqueror by depicting his many battles and many victories as ‘geniuses’. Norman F. Cantor, author of Alexander the Great: Journey to the End of the Earth, also writes Alexander to be a â€Å"great figure in the ancient world† (Cantor). Both these men believe Alexander’s conquests shaped the world in a positive manner. Like Hammond, Cantor wanted to only write a critical assessment of Alexander and his world (Cantor). To all three of these authors, Alexander deserved his title ‘Alexander the Great’ because he had â€Å"extraordinary achievements† (Cartlidge), was a â€Å"hero of antiquity [that] led an army of Macedonians and Greeks on a route through the Middle East and Central Asia† (Cantor), and had â€Å"intellectual brilliance and statesmanlike vision† (Hammond). In an article written by Brooke Allen titled â€Å"Alexander the Great – or the Terrible?†, Brooke states that â€Å"though he has gone down in history as ‘the Great,’ he might just as easily have been known as ‘the Terrible’† (Allen). Allen talks about how Alexander was known by the Europeans as â€Å"the best in the west† because he helped the spread of Hel lenic culture, but to the Asians he was â€Å"a dispenser of death and destruction† (Allen). While Hammond describes Alexander as a successful, brilliant conqueror, Allen brings insight into the dark sides of Alexander the Great. According to her, his destruction of Thebes, where he killed all the men and captured the women and children for slavery, was an â€Å"atrocity† (Allen). In Hammond’s book, when it came to the death of Alexander’s father Philip, Hammond made Alexander out to be a victim. Hammond wrote that there was more than one intended victim and that â€Å"Alexander would surely have been one† (Hammond 29). But in Allen’s article she writes â€Å"Many contemporary sources believed Alexander to have been, if not the author of the crime, at least complicit in it† (Allen). All the battles that Alexander won and the people he had to killed were classified by Hammond as great and powerful, but Allen talks about how these were crimes, such as his massacre of the Branchidae or his execution of the governor of Gaza Batis, where he tied him to a chariot and dragged him around the city’s walls until he was dead (Allen). But whether or not Alexander was a ‘great’ or a ‘terrible’ man depends on who is classifying him. To any student wanting to compose a review or essay on Alexander the Great, this is a highly recommended book. It has a copious amount of information on Alexander (i.e. his first battle, how and where he learned, his childhood, his adulthood, and his death). Alexander was not just a man who fought in battles; he was a legendary figure whose name can be found as the title of many books and articles. Although he died at the age of thirty-two (Hammond 198), he managed to do more in those thirty-two years than most people could in eighty. He is the only man to conqueror most of the known Western world and his name will continue to live on for many centuries to come. Works Cited Allen, Brook. â€Å"Alexander the Great—or the Terrible?† Hudson Review; (2005), Vol. 58 Issue 2, p220-230, 11. Cantor, Norman F. Alexander the Great: the Journey to the End of the Earth. HarperCollins Publishers, 2005. Print. Cartledge, Paul. Alexander the Great. The Overlook Press, Peter Mayer Publishers, Inc. 2004. Print. Hammond, N.G.L. The Genius of Alexander the Great. General Duckworth and Co. Ltd, 1997. Print. N.G.L. Hammond Bio. www.in.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov 2012.

Analysis of the Engineering Industry

Analysis of the Engineering Industry Executive summery: In the assignment below, the engineering industry is critically analyzed by studying its characteristics, identifying and analyzing its key areas and its current position and how it is affected by micro and macro environmental factors. All these analysis is done by using analytical tools like Porters Five Forces framework, PESTEL analysis, Industry Life-Cycle analysis, drivers of change within the industry, etc. The mechanical industry after carefully analyzed, important future long scenarios have been made demonstrating on how the industry will act and perform in innovative long term run based on the present analysis and trends in that particular industry. Also, one most likely situation has been identified, with relevant reasons, which the industry will most likely to face in the future. The entire assignment is based on the engineering industry in Indian markets being considered as the support to conduct appropriate researches. Introduction to the industry: The industry is one of the biggest and most refined in India and also in the world which provides the latest technology not only to the fast growing multinational companies but also to the global market. Some of the worlds biggest engineering companies largely depend on the automotive industry of India. It is a diverse industry with a number of segments, and can be broadly categorized into two segments as follows: (1) Heavy engineering (2) Light engineering The engineering sector is relatively less fragmented at the top, as the competencies required are high, while it is highly fragmented at the lower end (e.g. unbranded transformers for the retail segment) and is dominated by smaller players. The engineering industry in India manufactures a wide range of products, with heavy engineering goods accounting for bulk of the production. Most of the leading players are engaged in the production of heavy engineering goods and mainly produces high-value products using high-end technology. Requirement of high level of capital investment poses as a major entry barrier. Consequently, the small and unorganised firms have a small market presence. The light engineering goods segment, on the other hand, uses medium to low-end technology. Entry barrier is low on account of the comparatively lower requirement of capital and technology. This segment is characterized by the dominance of small and unorganized players which manufacture low-value added products. Classification of the Engineering Sector in India http://www.dnb.co.in/Engineering/images/Classification.gif Source: http://www.dnb.co.in/Engineering/overview.asp Portors five forces framework: Following are the external environment of engineering industry by analyzing the Porters 5 forces: https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzu68c7svM5H21lgSxae4CJr0T1Ly_0Ru5PiX706M-uOSKe-Cq9NwWtKPYvEVkaHFBWt04K43dx-uR-AnNGYyQNipqXhRYHvTYPY3YCCscq6zTXQP-pPtoEHEmCytvf6vtUKO9eZXcwmcI/s400/porter.jpg Source:https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzu68c7svM5H21lgSxae4CJr0T1Ly_0Ru5PiX706M-uOSKe-Cq9NwWtKPYvEVkaHFBWt04K43dx-uR-AnNGYyQNipqXhRYHvTYPY3YCCscq6zTXQP-pPtoEHEmCytvf6vtUKO9eZXcwmcI/s400/porter.jpg The five forces are as follows: 1 The threat of new entrants: The threat of new entrants for engineering industry in India it is a very low threat Factors to examine for this threat of new entrant in India is include all barriers to entry into this market such as upfront capital requirements, brand equity (a new firm may have none), legislation and government policies, (safety) ability to distribute the product . 2 The bargaining power of buyers/customers: Customers consider both purpose and price; the engineering companies are attempting to produce engineering products that compete in various price segments. In India bargaining power is lower which is creating a more favorable situation for the engineering industry but not the buyers. The quantity a buyer purchases is usually a good factor in determining this force, even in the engineeringwhen buyers only usually purchase one \ at a time, they still possess considerable power (Car freaks, 2008-10). However, this may be different in other markets. 3. The threat of substitute: In Singapore the threat of substitute is high because of the numerous other forms of transportation substitutes are available, but none of them offer the utility, convenience, independence, and value afforded by sport cars. Substitutes such as rental cars, Sport bike industry, Rental Sport car clubs like Luxe sport club in Singapore Millionaire asia singapore, 2010). (For details please refer Appendix no 4) 4 The bargaining power of supplier: The bargaining power of supplier is low in Singapore because of the availability of substitutes and the amount of competition in the sport car industry. Suppliers dont have a great deal of influence in the terms of supplying the sport cars parts. The sport car industry which refers to all the suppliers for the parts, such as tires, components, electronics, and even the assembly line workers. Some suppliers are small firms who rely on the carmakers, and may only have one carmaker as a client. So this force can be tricky to evaluate in the sport car industry in Singapore market (For details please refer to appendix no 5). 5. The competitive rivalry within an industry: In Singapore sport car industry competition between existing automobile companies is high because sport car carmakers are engaged in fierce competition. Prices, ad campaigns, and product developments keep them on the edge of innovation and profitability. Margins are low and pressure between rivals is high. This may cause the sport industry earning lower profits when the cost of the competition is high (Car freaks, 2008-10). PESTEL ANALYSIS: Source:http://www.business.gov.sg/NR/rdonlyres/06030A45-6CCF-45BC-8F2C-F2833D5D44B4/6514/entrepreneurguide.pdf Well use the PESTEL to analyze the macro-environmental changes and influences on the engineering industry; Political: Majority of the companies like, etc. have their manufacturing plants in India because of cheap labour and low cost of production. But these countries are usually politically unstable and can create hindrance for the companies. Economic: Economic slowdown such as the recent recession can have negative impact on production and sales of the engineering companies. Also other economic factors like the economic policies of European Union member countries make it tougher for the industry participants to penetrate the engineering market. Socio-cultural: The social and cultural restraints and obligations directly affect the buying pattern of people, the brand loyalty, female share of the market, etc. also the companies now-a-days thrive to keep up with corporate social responsibility to maintain their Public relegation status. Technological: The technology keeps changing and varying from place to place. Techonology plays a vital part in the engineering industry. The engineering manufacturing companies have to keep abreast with the changing technology so as not to give a competitive edge to competitors by speeding up their change of products and designing ability. Environmental: Many industry participants have become aware of environmental hazards and are putting in efforts to do their bit for environment and the society with activities like Legal: Companies in the engineering industry in India face many legal matters usually pertaining to labour wages, working conditions, etc. or that of contract manufacturing and copying of products or ones related to trade agreement. Structural drivers of change for Engineering industry: I have identified some of the drivers of changes that have impact on the engineering industry. The following are the structural drivers which bring about changes in the industry; Technology: Technology is the most vital driver of change in engineering industry. Introduction of internet has sky-rocketed the sales for the companies. Also it helps the RD departments to come out with new engineering products quickly and efficiently. Industry driver: lamborghini_headquarters_italy Source:http://www.egmcartech.com/wpcontent/uploads/2008/05/lamborghini_headquarters_italy.jpg Related and supporting industries are extremely important because engineering product manufacturers live and die by creative and innovative design engineering (Automotive industry, 2010). India offers support to other industries such as, steel, rubber, petroleum, oil gas, transportation industries. Indias infrastructural facilities helps to setup a engineering industry in form of power supply, machinery, capital, raw materials and labour which will raise foreign direct investments have led to the rapid growth in terms of engineering goods production and exports (European foundation, 2004). Mergers and Take-overs:- t=1usg=__vO8BPfXSsu76pCVOchvBejU2hUg= Source: http://www.vr-fullerton.com/images/223069.jpg One of the most significant drivers of growth in the engineering industry is the trend of mergers and acquisitions. Such buyouts and mergers enable manufactures to build up their technology and service scale up to the mark, the two factors essential to gain competitive edge. Outsourcing of design and engineering functions, leading to growth in companies offers high value-added Services. Life cycle model for the industry: C:UsersVishikadDesktoplife cycle.bmp Source: Adopted from (Johnson et al., 2008) The Engineering industry as per the life cycle model shown above is currently at the Shakeout stage for the following reasons: The buyers are becoming more selective of their purchases due to brand loyalty and performance according to their own preferences taste. Also as far as the competitive conditions are concerned, the major engineering products manufactures have started innovations and sales promotion activities to attract more and more buyers towards companys product range. The engineering companies also trying to shakeout their industry rivals by acquisition or merger processes with other engineering manufactures. This way they can have their monopoly over the engineering markets as well as minimising the competition within the engineering sector. Scenarios for Long term future of the industry: The following scenarios based on the research on Indias engineering industry that indicates the possible long term future of the industry (1) Scenario: Increase in sales, product diversification advanced RD: The attitude of selling the products into engineering market is changing day by day. Engineering companies trying to connect with the customer directly. This will done by opening up showroom or signing contracts with large MNCS like Also the engineering product makers will focus on advanced RD whereby, they not only focus onperticular group of buyers. Also the companies are diversifying their products more too international engineering product manufactures. This scenario will benefit the industry in the following manner; It will help engineering companies to connect with their buyers and thus understand their likes, dislikes and expectations, preferences about companies offering. The companies can get direct feedback on their products so that they can improve on overall performance of the company. .Most Likely Scenario: The most likely scenario applicable in the future is the 3rd scenario. Following are the reasons supporting my conclusion; The companies can alter their engineering products, design as per the customer reaction to their previous products. This can be done by feedbacks and data collected which wont be lost or manipulated as itll directly go to the company. The companies are already starting to do intense and advanced RD to introduce new technological aspects The customers are always keen on trying out new exciting products and the failure of such products is very rare. Also the Engineering industry is growing at a rapid pace. All other industries are now trying to sell their products at retail prices which is the same the Engineering industry is going to do in the future. Conclusion: In India the future of engineering industry seems encouraging. In terms of the expected surge in global demand and rise in foreign investments. Several trends such as developed markets, globalization, technology advances, regulation and environmental consideration, and market fragmentation and product diversification will result in the rapid growth of this Engineering industry in India.

Sir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay -- essays research papers

Defining a True Hero Is a hero the one who decides to stand up when everyone else is only thinking about it? Is a hero the one who retains integrity rather than give in to the world’s everyday temptations? Is a hero the picture of courage, or an example of morals? These are the questions that arise after reading the epic story of Beowulf by an anonymous author, and the romantic tale of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, also written by an anonymous author. The stories describe two very different heroes. Beowulf was undoubtedly a hero, but as time advanced and the world became more complicated, what constituted a hero became more shady; therefore, while he is not anything like Beowulf, Sir Gawain is also in fact a true hero. Beowulf is a hero. That is an undeniable fact. His heroic image stands out notably because Beowulf is what could be called an active hero while Sir Gawain plays the part of a passive hero, but still a hero nonetheless. Beowulf has one duty: he must fight and win. If he succeeds, he is a hero; if he fails he is simply a failure (except when he fails at defeating the dragon because he has already proved himself and goes with honor, which is different from initially failing). In the last lines of the story the author clearly acknowledges Beowulf’s overall triumph, "Telling stories of their dead king and his greatness, his glory, praising him for heroic deeds, for a life as noble as his name." Sir Gawain on the other hand ...

My Philippine Identity Essay examples -- Personal Narrative, Identity

My Philippine Identity Identity is the essence of a person which makes him stand out as an individual. There are various factors which help form and evolve a person's persona, and that is what I write about in the follwing essay. We did not think it mattered! Who needed the "right" car, family lineage, the "right" education, domestic helpers--basically the "right" everything? We perceived all of the above as parts of the pretension of the Philippine society, yet it was so easy for us to ignore and dissociate ourselves from it because we were the products of this "right" term. We could deny the class system and insult it because we were luckily born into the advantageous class, and we had these "right elements" accessible to us. If we became tired of the society we could complain about it or excommunicate ourselves, but since we were considered the "privileged class" we could always return and the level of respect would still be there. We were in a no lose situation in this respect. The Philippine society consists of distinct class systems which depend, number one, on the family background of a person, then number two, the socioeconomic level. Which family you come from, whether they are in business, in politics, etc. is very important. People really look at surnames. If you have a revered surname you get some kind of automatic respect, even if you are not a very kind person. Money also matters but if you have just recently encountered your wealth and you do not belong to the right kind of family, chances are you will be considered "nouveau riche." Many of my friends and I used to complain about the materialism of the people, the way we had to act a certain way in front of adults, the social obligations, and how on... ...e harmonious relationships. These reminders which are trying to reach out to us, so that we may all live together in peace, are extra elements which help push us along the road to better relations. In the end though, people must come to terms with racial, societal, or any kind of discrimination in their own time and pace. That is the only instance that they will be able to get their hatred and awkwardness out of their system. In terms of Philippine Filipinos and Fil-Am relations, as of today, I think that the people are ready to accept each other. It is now the right timing for them to get to know their missing link--their other Filipino half. The occurrence in Boston University was, I feel, the beginning of a trend that will reach all the Filipinos in the United States, and make each and every Filipino part of one group instead of two groups that do not get along.

Revenge in Shakespeares The Tempest Essay -- The Tempest Essays

Revenge in Shakespeare's The Tempest The nucleus of the plot in Shakespeare's The Tempest revolves around Prospero enacting his revenge on various characters who have wronged him in different ways. Interestingly enough, he uses the spirit of Ariel to deliver the punishments while Prospero delegates the action. Prospero is such a character that can concoct methods of revenge but hesitates to have direct involvement with disillusioning his foes. In essence, Prospero sends Ariel to do his dirty work while hiding his involvement in shipwrecking his brother, Antonio, from his daughter, Miranda. Prospero, the "rightful" duke of Milan, primarily seeks revenge against two people, Antonio and Caliban. But, Prospero allows his anger toward them to trickle to the other castaways on the island. He encourages Ariel to separate Sebastian, Duke Alonso's brother, from his son Ferdinand during the raging sea storm, causing Sebastian to assume his son has drowned. (1.2.213-224) The other "drunkards" on the island also feel the brunt of Prospero's revenge against Caliban when Ariel tempts them with a banquet stocked with alcohol and then disillusions them into thinking the banquet was a figment of their imagination. (2.1) But why the tendency toward revenge in the first place? What was it about the personality and mental disposition of Prospero that caused him to lust for revenge against his brother, Antonio? And Caliban. Why couldn't Prospero overlook his social naà ¯vetà © when it came to handling a woman? (1.2.350) In this portion of the website, I will examine those questions and attempt to provide an answer and an insight into the psychology of Prospero. Further, I will examine the relationship between Pr... ...Melancholia in English Literature from 1508 to 1642. East Lansing, Michigan: Michigan-State University Press. 1951. 2. Bowers, Fredson. Elizabethan Revenge Tragedy. Princeton University Press. 1940. 3. Burton, Robert. The Anatomy of Melancholy. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press. 1990. 4. Dillon, Janette. Shakespeare and the Solitary Man. Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield. 1981. 5. Draper, John W. The Humors and Shakespeare's Characters. New York: AMS Press. 1965. 6. Hallett, Charles A. and Elaine S. The Revenger's Madness. Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press. 1980. 7. Kahn, Coppe`lia. Man's Estate: Masculinity Identity in Shakespeare. Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press. 1981. 8. Jardine, Lisa. Still Harping on Daughters. Sussex: The Harvester Press. 1983.

Theories On Types Of Learners Education Essay

IntroductionThe study aimed to size up and analyse the place of myself as a undergraduate, this undertaking has become a really good manner for myself to place and cognize my ain personality and preferable acquisition manners more better than earlier. I am able to cognize my personal strong and weaknesses through different type of trial I took. Those trial will propose some of the acquisition manner which suit me the most, and help me to derive a higher class on my survey life. Furthermore, this study aims to find my intrinsic personality type and my functions in a squad. In order to accomplish the above aims, trials like VARK Questionnaire, Myers-Briggs Personality Type, and Belbin Self Perception Team Role Profiles trial are able to find my personality type and my preferable learning manner. Every suggestion of the consequence of the trial will be addressed one time I answered all the inquiry. Besides that, remark from my household and friend was become a back uping grounds on the finding of my personality type and acquisition abilities. Based on the few trial I took and the remark of my household, I might be able to find where one stand today, and the truth of myself. Subsequently, I picked my future calling occupation based on the field I survey and ain involvement, making research to roll up more information which related with the occupation that I taken up, looking to the demand of the occupation and based on my skill-set to find myself whether that is a occupation which suit me.Section A: Who I am as a scholar1.VARK TrialVARK is designed to analyze a scholar larning manner, and it ‘s besides determined a personal manner of a scholar. VARK is a really utile trial for every scholar, and VARK was elucidated and formulated by Fleming ( 2002 ) , and is based on the bing nuero-linguistic theoretical account which formulated by Eicher ( 1987 ) . VARK trial was divided into 4 different types of classs. It was VISUAL, AURAL, READ/WRITE and KINESTHETIC. Each scholars might be non truly cognize their ain acquisition manner sometimes, hence most of scholars know their learning manner through VARK Test. The intent of VARK trial is to find scholar lar ning manner and the result is based on the BASIC of favourite larning manner of scholars. Fleming ( 2007 ) says that VARK able to help scholars in their acknowledgment of their acquisition manners they most like. Following is a brief definition of VARK ( Fleming,1992, p274 ) Ocular: Learners who preferred learn by seeing. For illustration, utilizing picture, posting, images during presentations or talks. Aural: Learners who preferences learn by hearing. For illustration, seminars or talks that do non supply any ocular AIDSs. Read/Write: Learners who preferences learn by treating text. For illustration, there are able to read a full pages of words, and compose out a brief drumhead. Kinesthetic: Learners who preference towards larning, practical and sharing experiences for larning intents. Examples, experiment, pattern, simulations, picture cartridge holder etc.Ocular11Aural11Read/Write8Kinesthetic11Figure 1.1 – My VARK Test MarkOn my VARK trial consequence, the trial has determined my single acquisition manners, and my ain position presents. The VARK Test depicted in the Appendix 1. Based on the consequence, I quite asynclitism on Visual, Aural and Kinesthetic, three of it is the highest mark in the trial, therefore VARK describes me as a multimodal scholar. The lowest mark is Read/write. I rather consent with the VARK consequence since I evaluate my survey life in Malaysia last twelvemonth. I have a penchant on lectors who used text books, PowerPoint slide, picture or talk notes which included diagram, graph or pie chart as their instruction stuffs. I found it easy to understand the talk through looking on those ocular AIDSs. Besides that, I quite easy focal point on the pictorials instead than reading a full pages of words of articles or notes which without image. Other than this, I ever had the wont of record the talks by utilizing MP3 Recorder in category and playback when I making alteration. Re-listening aid me to rectifying my notes and more clearer understanding about the talks. My strengths ever assisted me a batch in my survey life, I can understand the talks and absorb cognition faster than those pupils who prefer Read/Write. Based on the existent life experience of myself, when I study in INTI University College Malaysia, most of the lector is giving their talk by PowerPoint slides, so I tend to this learning manner. Additionally, I have inclination of making a presentation slide as notes after category everyday in order to guarantee that I do non lose out any point, clearer apprehension of the surveies lectures. I preferred listening music while doing up notes or do exercisings at the same time. My strength ever help me a batch in my survey life. That is the ground why my visual, aural and kinaesthetic is the highest mark in the VARK trial evidently, hence, I have to use my strengths sagely from now on until the terminal of my life. Apart of this, the VARK trial consequence proved that my failings in Read/ Write facet evidently, Fleming ( 2008 ) illustrate that turning words into ocular is another manner to better the failing of Read/Write. It means that I must set more attempt to better my Read/Write accomplishment and do it equal with the other 3 facets. I found it hard to understand those talks notes, larning stuff or text edition which merely screen by words, it was endure me ever, and I feel sleepy easy if I faced it quite a long period. In add-on, my failing be conspicuous when I go toing my seminar category. I have to better my Read/Write accomplishment from now on instantly in order to do certain that is non a trouble when I out to work in the hereafter.2. MBTI TestMBTI stands for Myers Briggs Type Indicator trial, it ‘s a trial based on Jung ‘s Theory of Personality Types. Paula A. & A ; Martin. F ( 2009 ) defines that â€Å" The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator ( MBTI ) is a widely used personality stock list, or trial, employed in vocational, educational, and psychotherapy scenes to measure personality type in striplings and grownups age 14 and older † . ESTJ and INFP was carried out the different significance. extroversion ( E ) or invagination ( I ) feeling ( S ) or intuition ( N ) thought ( T ) or experiencing ( F ) judgment ( J ) or comprehending ( P ) MBTI trial be able to find the type of the scholars based on the reply of the respondents in the MBTI questionnaire. Charles R. Martin ( 1997 ) defines people who extraversion incline involve in event, outer universe, take portion in a batch of activities, work or play in groups, and like to do friends. while invagination defines a individual who is more inclined towards ain thought, sentiment, reaction etc. This type of people they more preferable making things with little group of people who they feel comfy or entirely. They are wholly different features if comparison with Extraversion. Molly ( 2008 ) defines that people who sensors incline to information they received from what they received and they will state the facts without any reading. Peoples who intuitive more slope to reading, inventive or â€Å" 6th sense † instead than merely state the facts. MyPersonality ( 2007 ) defines believing people are able to do their determination based on what they seen and they non like to believe or judge something ‘s may non based on logic. On the other custodies, experiencing people make their determination based on their feeling, they decides with bosom alternatively of facts. MyPersonality ( 2007 ) defines that people who judging they usually good at completing, they like to be aftering their things and responsible ever and command in events of a person. Besides that, people who comprehending they more preferable outward displayed. They are flexible and adaptable and they non good in organized. ISTJ 53 % ISFJ 67 % INFJ 50 % INTJ 36 % ISTP 42 %ISFP74 %INFP 66 % INTP 34 % ESTP 58 % ESFP 72 % ENFP 55 % ENTP 41 % ESTJ 42 %ESFJ74 %ENFJ 66 % ENTJ 34 %Figure 1.2: My MBTI ScoresDeduction of MBTI TestFollowing, On my Myer Briggs Type Indicator trial mark, the trial has determined my single personality types and besides prove that I have two different personality type, it was ISFP and ESFJ, it was carried out 74 % each. The existent tabular array mark depicted on ( APPENDIX 2 ) . Team Technology ( 1995 ) describes the features of ESFJ individual are does non wish to populate entirely, they more prefer unrecorded within a group. Besides that, ESFJ type individual good in organized, societal, but they have an antipathy to unusual people or environment. This type of people is a good leader in a squad, they are eligible to actuate their member, stimulate squad spirit in order to construct harmoniousness, and form life on a personal footing. Additionally ISFP type is described by Team Technology ( 1995 ) individual usually more inclined to introspective feeling, they easy experience Moody, acquire hurt and dislike alteration. They express their energy towards the interior universe of ideas and emotions. other than this, ISFP individual prone to confusion, they are easy disturbed by other remark or judgement. The chiefly different between from ISFP and ESFJ Harmonizing to C.G.Jung ‘s Theory ( 1977 ) the first two missive in the type codification is the most of import, it ‘s called â€Å" dominant map † . For ESFJ, my dominant map is experiencing, it was more incline to Extraverted Feeling. I rather agree on the trial consequence, in my existent life, I ‘m precisely a individual who extrovert. I like to do friends, take portion of out-of-door activities to regulate the outer universe. I have an antipathy to conceal my look, I preferred express or voice out directly off. For case, I like to work with a group of people, since we can portion the different point of position and values, and do more friends. moreover, I tend to see other experiencing more than my ain, I seek to construct resonance with people, and constructing a strong relationship with people around me, therefore I turn into an of import function of audience in my pack of friends, they like to chew the fat with me. On the others custodies, I like to see something ‘s new, I prefer used my life clip to see different types of life manner or new environment that I ne'er had before, therefore I can accommodate into the new life or new environment to the full in a short times ever. On the another manner unit of ammunition, I ever makes a concluding determination based on my ain basic personal values without interrupt by others. For ISFP, my dominant map is Introverted Feeling, i.e. oriented towards the interior universe. ISFP and ESFJ was happen on me at the same times, nevertheless, harmonizing to the consequence of MBTI trial, I might be non ever extraverted. Review my life, I am a individual who introverted before, I non truly good in build harmoniousness in the universe around me, or encouragement others. For illustration, when I working in a group last clip, I non like to depute my work to others, I prefer done it by myself due to i deficiency of assurance of others or alien, at the terminal, it ‘s conveying a batch of struggle between me and my group mates. However, my extremely assurance and introvert personality spoiled my friend web last clip, hence, I learn to be more Extrovert by spend a batch of times. ESFJ and ISFP non merely differ in Extraversion/Introversion, they besides differ in judgement / perceptual experience. For illustration, if I wish to be after my end, do my life go more stable and good organized, I will differ into judging. While, if I prefer to keep my life flexibleness, I will differ into perceptual experience. ESFJ and ISFP possibly occur at the same times, but it is more depend on the environment or the state of affairs. It ‘s besides called natural disposition by Team Technology ( 1995 ) .3.BELBIN TrialDR Meredith Belbin ( 2003 ) defines a squad function as â€Å" A inclination to act, contribute and interrelate with others in a peculiar manner † . Scribd ( 2009 ) Belbin described the behaviour of a member, how their relationship with others among a squad. The accomplishments developed by Belbin team-role theory allow an single good understanding about their ain strong and failings, and how they conveyed their accomplishment into their occupation o r a group. Belbin separate into nine Team Roles or bunch of behaviour. It was Plant, Resource Investigator, Co-ordinator, Shaper, Monitor Evaluator, Teamworker, Implementer, Completer Finisher and Specialist. Many of the director or employee was taking portion in this questionnaire to detect their ain Team Role penchants, and go a successful leader of a squads. Every of the squad functions can be adopted by different sort of people, it depend on their ain personality types. Application of Test I have been finish the BELBIN trial and the consequence of the trial ( refer Appendix 3 ) has determined and interpreted the assorted facets of my behaviour, harmonizing to the consequence of the trial, I ‘m suit to a occupation which I can utilize my abiding nature or habit covering with everyday responsibilities. The BELBIN trial was showed that I ‘m a individual who extrovert, enthusiastic, communicative, explores chances and develop contacts. Based on my personal experience and MBTI trial, it was a consequence which unswerving and precise. On my old portion clip occupation, I capable to get the better of obstructions with my household or my staff member. Since I ‘m a individual who extrovert and like to societal or research new chances, hence, I know a batch of friends, and develop a high repute among my friends and co-worker, they assist me no affair what job I faced. that is one of the grounds to turn out that I ‘m gave a good feeling to my friends for c ertain. I expand the circle of my life triumphant. The study of the trial besides indicated my failings i.e. may be uncomfortable when holding to cover with force per unit area, uninterested in covering with everyday responsibilities. I was agreed on this, I like to research chances and experience something ‘s new, I detestation making the same things invariably. Once I work under a group, I by and large cooperation with others and supply some utile thought to my group mates. In add-on, deficiency of patiently convey me into suffer one time I working under force per unit area, I ca n't work out my job if force per unit area has come to me. Sometimes, even though the undertaking is easy, one time I gave myself excessively much of force per unit area, I may non execute good or complete it on times, and accordingly it act upon my spirit and besides affect the public presentation on the undermentioned undertaking. If I ca n't let go of my emphasis or work out the job, a feeling of abandonment develops in my bosom accidentally. The BELBIN study besides suggests that I treat anything new as a challenge, therefore leting me to released the emphasis that over sometimes, and they was promote me must larn to pull off my ain calling and self-development in a good thought out manner, and should look towards person who harmony, so merely my ain public presentation is likely to better. Drumhead Harmonizing to the consequence of the three trials I taken, it was proved that I am a multimodal scholar. I must use my strengths astutely and better my failings, so that I can heightening my ain personality and accomplishing an better result than old. The overall three trials, I know my-self better than few old ages ago, and I get ready to get the better of every obstructions that I face, and do non reluctance to make something ‘s may non accommodate my features.4.Comment From My Family or FriendsI received some of the remark from my siblings sentiment on me, harmonizing to their sentiment, it ‘s non truly closed with the result of the trials. It was non surprised me because during semester interruption or vacation, I prefer remaining at place for playing computing machine games or watching play in my room whole twenty-four hours long. due to the hapless communicating between me and my siblings or parents, I ever keep quiet when taking dinner with them or household years s. Furthermore, I born from a household that concern traditional right and subjects, therefore, I remain quiet in order to avoid speaking something incorrect. From twelvemonth to twelvemonth, I non much interact with my household members, hence, this leads them to misconstruing about my personality and disagreed on me being an extravert, which I truly felt that I am.Section A: Part 2: Deduction for calling pickLifelong acquisitionLifelong acquisition is a really critical portion in our life, with cognition, we are able to happen a good occupation, and stronger our place in the present competition state or occupation market. Besides that, cognition can construct up a positive mode and attitude to everyone. Therefore, we know how to take attention of each other ‘s or construct a good relationship with them. Alongside, the figure of grade graduated per twelvemonth was increasing quickly, that is the ground why the present occupation market is so competitory presents, and many com pany or organisation are traveling to use employees who keeping First category or Second category grade certification, while, we know that cognition was moving a really of import function for everyone and it ‘s basically applicable to everyone in the universe today. I need to use my cognition smartly in my life, and besides need to heighten my cognition base every bit much as I can. Knowles ( 1981 ) defined that acquisition is a womb-to-tomb procedure, it can last until the twenty-four hours we left the universe, we supposed to pass our leisure clip to deriving more cognition is better than merely remaining place for kiping or woolgathering. I am wholly agree with this account. Different stage of life was carry out a different womb-to-tomb acquisition manner, before we learn, we must clearly understand how of import of womb-to-tomb acquisition, how it actuate us and how it alter our subject. Besides that, Robotham ( 1995, cites at thorson,2005, p78 ) suggested that homo should preparatory to larn in their initial phase ; hence, we have to guarantee the instruction manner was suit to the stage of homo. For illustration, kids may non accept the instruction manners of grownups. In other manner, we have to put the mission or vision for ourselves, therefore we merely able to heighten our larning motive. We ca n't populate under a environment without larning or motive. Harmonizing to the consequence of Myer Briggs and BELBIN trial, I able to judge myself is a womb-to-tomb scholar since I am a individual who like to research chances and extravert ever. I plan to take maestro classs after finishing my degree plan, and enter into banking industry. Bank will offer a batch of developing class to their staff, hence, I plan to go a banker due to this ground, and I am able to update myself ever without knock out by the new coevals. Alongside, it is a best opportunity which let me to derive more cognition and better my communicating accomplishments among people. Wlodkowski ( 1999, cited at Klingensmith, 2006 ) states that â€Å" high degree of motive to larn for the grownups produces the higher acquisition consequences, the public presentation achieved † Lifelong acquisition is one of the best manner for me to heighten myself and develop good in my calling. Everyone has different larning manner or different manner to get cognition, therefore we must take a right manner of larning which suit us the most. Besides that, I will get cognition through many different sort of manner i.e. I will seek to do more friends from different civilization or different states, so that we can larn each other civilization and values. My read/write facet is non good plenty, so I have to better my read/write accomplishments and use my reading/writing accomplishments to understand what I read across assorted texts. Following, I do non excessively rely on those cognition or information that I had, I try to be unfastened minded and accept the new information. Group treatment is the other best manner for me to larning and get cognition, I sharing sentiment with my group mates, this is the manner for me to accept others sentiments and advice and besides help me in constructing up my cognition and trust between each others. I learned to copy the positive attitude or behaviour that I every had from others. Harmonizing to the Myer-Briggs trial, I more incline to Extrovert, I take the advantages on it and convey it into my womb-to-tomb acquisition, and seek to construct myself go a autonomous scholar. I plan to do more friend who older than me, therefore, I can derive more things and existent experience from them. For illustration, I observe how a director or a leader perform in a company, how they lead a squad become successful. A company screen by a batch of different types personality people, I use the opportunity to do more different personality type of friends and assisting those people who introverts since I am a individual who introverts earlier. In order to do certain the work can running under a harmoniousness environment, I learn to accept people sentiment, and constructing up the good relationship with everyone around me.Movable Sk illsIn order to do certain I can to the full accommodate into my future calling occupation, I would wish to heighten all my accomplishments invariably, hence I can force my-self to the soap and accomplish the best public presentation in the occupation. How to go a successful bank director in banking industry? In order to managing the occupation efficaciously, communicating accomplishments, leading accomplishments and composing accomplishments. Those accomplishments was playing a really of import function from clip to clip. Banking industry is one of the biggest industry in the universe today. Many of the international bank like HSBC Bank, Standard Chartered Bank, CITIBANK, Barclays Bank, they have a immense figure of client from different states. So the accomplishments of authorship, computing machine accomplishments, and Foreign linguistic communication is really of import. We are traveling to except by the industry if we do non hold the sufficient accomplishments. Furthermore, as a bank director may confront a plentifulness clients every twenty-four hours, hence, I must be better my communicating accomplishments, so that I find it easy while communicate with client or people from different states. I know a different sort of linguistic communications such as Citrus reticulata, Cantonese, Malay, English, Nipponese etc, hence, I am able to pass on with different type of clients, and do more friends. Additionally, communicating accomplishments was of import for certain, hence, I besides need to better my authorship accomplishment, interpersonal accomplishments, and so-on. Harmonizing to the trial I took, I have good sociableness accomplishments, high motivate accomplishment and leading accomplishment. It was average that I can construct a strong relationship with my client and co-worker. Once one become a Bank director, I will set a batch of attempt to go a successful banker director, and I want to distribute my cognition and my accomplishments to my staff and lead my squad go stronger and stronger. This station needs a really strong leading accomplishments, be aftering accomplishments, motive accomplishments, and communicating accomplishments, acquiring more concern from the clients, create a batch of new selling schemes to pull more client and maximise the net incomes of the bank. I will use my accomplishments, cognition, and experience sagely that I had in order to full adapt into the occupation place.Justify choose calling pickI will be after to prosecute my calling in International Banking industry after graduating with a grade in Business with international direction at Northumbria University. My occupation is needed a batch of accomplishments and cognition, so womb-to-tomb larning automatically go a really of import portion in my life, I ca n't even halt it, because I need the updated knowledge/information and latest accomplishments to managing my future occupation efficaciously. I pick two occupation advertizement ( see APENDIX 4 ) . The occupation advertizement that I found was clearly states the minimal demand, the item information of the occupation and where is the location of the occupation. In the advertizement, the Team gross revenues director must be possess at least a Bachelor ‘s Degree. Besides, the campaigner should be hold gross revenues experience in retail industry before. The campaigner are required to hold good communicating, motivation, taking and selling accomplishments. Additionally, the campaigner are required to Develop and keep a good web of concern contact and besides guarantee the gross revenues mark are met ever. On the other custodies, the advertizement states that the campaigner must hold the ability to take, motivate, and coach a gross revenues squad. The applicant must be flexible to be shifted countrywide, work in a group, therefore, good communicating accomplishments and taking accomplishments was become the compulsory needs within this occupation. The bank director are encourage to hold good harmonisation because bank director is the who traveling to go to meeting with different section largely. Standard Chartered Bank has provided preparation classs and banking operations oversea short classs to candidate for understanding more item about the merchandise of the SCB, and the regulations and ordinance, so that the director are encouraged to be flexible. In order to pull more client and take the squad become successful, the director are required being to extrovert ever. The squad sale director hopefully able to working under force per unit area, since I ‘m a individual who extrovert, sociableness, hence, I believed I will suit good to this place and able to use my strengths in this occupation. Additionally, BELBIN trial consequence shows that I am a resource research worker, who loves to research chances and develop contacts. Therefore, I can carry through most of the demand as stated by the occupation description in the occupation advertizement.DecisionFinally, after I being done the three trials, I know my personality, my accomplishments, and my learning manner, and besides learned how to better my failings. since I plan my calling and life, I must be put a batch of attempt to do my dream come true, and besides maintain the attitude of womb-to-tomb larning until terminal of my life or directing the of import message about the of import of womb-to-tomb acquisition to my future household members.

Ethics of Us Army

ETHICAL CULTURE AUDIT of the United States Army By: Andrew Driscoll March 16, 2013 Each soldier in the United States Army, or any military service, will have very different experiences with the ethical culture of their unit. Is this experience due to the organizational culture or how its leaders operate within that culture that creates such an unique experience for every soldier? The point is that if you ask 10 soldiers to conduct an ethical culture audit of the military, I believe you will get 10 different answers that fall on all points on the continuum.Responses that the Army is highly ethical would come from soldiers who have â€Å"internalized cultural expectations† (p. 152). Since the Army has such a strong culture, ethical or not, there are always going to be individuals who fight that culture and resist the â€Å"internalization† of some or all the values. Typically these soldiers separate from the military during their initial training or when their first time commitment is up, usually 2-3 years. From my experience the United States Army has a highly ethical culture.One could sight any of several dozen scandals or investigations from Abu Grhaib prison abuse to the 101st Airborne soldiers raping and killing a family of five in Iraq to counter my assessment. But, I argue that these incidents occurred in spite of the strong culture, where a combination of â€Å"individual character traits† (p. 198) and/or trauma suffered in combat operations caused unethical behavior contrary to the ethical training they received. To help prevent such incidents and also study behavior the US Army has developed the Center for the Army Profession and Ethic.Since 2008 the Army has incorporated the research from this organization and trained its mid-level leaders to implement its findings at the unit level. To have a highly ethical organization, you need leadership that is committed to continuous improvement and not complacent with the current culture. In an organization with over 500,000 active soldiers the mentality has to be, there is always room for improvement. This mentality of continuous improvement must also come from the leadership of the military to be effective and implemented.Similar to Kelleher’s philosophy of â€Å"serving the needs of employees† (p. 156), the Army has a strong tradition of taking care of soldiers and their families so they can take care of the country. The leadership of the Army has set up and participates in numerous programs to assist soldiers with any issue from financial to marital problems. I completed my undergraduate education in Finance and then joined the military. I had no idea how to do my taxes and the Army taught me, not a $100,000 plus education. Once I knew how to do my taxes, as a junior leader I was required to assist my soldiers.Formal leadership in the military is prominent, from the understanding the Uniform Code of military Justice, to daily corrective actions for ve ry minor offenses that in other organizations would probably go unnoticed. This relationship tends to be very formal as all rules and regulations are written down and trained during your initial 12 weeks of basic training. The leader is also responsible for continuous training to include a weekly briefing on good decision making when off duty. The informal aspect is very unique for each leader, it typically comes from written policies that the leader permits his soldiers to dis-obey.Whether it is early dismissal on Friday, or a motto against regulations, it builds a trust a with soldiers that their leader is on their side as well. Except in extreme cases such as the Abu Grhaib prison unit, I have found that the informal systems are in alignment with the formal ones and where they differentiate are so minor that it does not cause issues. The best way to summarize ethical leadership is to know that soldiers react to your actions more than they do your words. A common Army Office motto is â€Å"Lead by Example. This motto best prevents â€Å"hypocritical leadership† (p. 162). To get the right type of leadership in the Army, recruiters look at every candidate with the SAL method, Student, Athlete, Leader. Candidates are given a score based on GPA, sports, clubs and leadership rolls held. The Army has historically not allowed individuals with a history of crime, drug abuse or cheating in, but due to recruitment issues they have started to waive some requirements to meet goals. This shift has been criticized and said to have diminished the quality of the US soldier.It was interesting to see making goals or the number this as the main reason to waive values in Aaron’s speech this week. It appears no organization is free of the pressure to perform on a quantitative measure regardless of the effect to values. Selection for promotion in the Army is also very rigorous and has a set of standards that are very consistent. This prevents fraud and any possible quid pro quo from occurring. For General officers their appointments have to be confirmed by Congress and top secret security clearance requires a polygraph test.This ensures that the nations military decision makers and individuals with information can be trusted and have been vetted. The US Army’s values, mission statement and policies are simple but have withstood the test of time. The mission of winning the nation’s wars has remained constant, but Congress has added sub-statements to ensure responsibility and protection of the American people. In history winning at all cost was commonplace for the military especially in WWII. Since then collateral damage and fratricide are no longer acceptable consequences to accomplish the mission.The values of the military (leadership, duty, respect, selfless service, honor, integrity, and personal courage) are instilled from day one, and put on your chest right next to your dog tags for every day there after. It is these values that help leaders and soldiers accomplish the mission with the best course of action, rather than the quickest or most definitive. As for policies, the military has a policy for how to do just about everything. The UCMJ is just the tip of policies in the US Army. Every branch, every machine, every unit has a manual to dictate policy.Very rarely does a situation occur in peacetime in the military that there is not a written policy to follow. Ethics training starts before day one in the military. Before you report to initial training you take an oath of office or enlistment that defines your roll in the military and commitment to uphold the constitution. Everyday of 12 weeks in basic training you recite the values and Ethos of the Army. In the past there had been issues that units did not operate according to individual training, so over the last decade all training programs have been updated to ensure the best possible replication of how the â€Å"real† Army is.Companies seek soldiers after their service for one main reason, they have had the best training in their field possible, and I believe this is holds true for values as well. Performance management in the military is very structured. There is a system in place and the only thing preventing a soldier from getting a fair and thorough evaluation is their own failure to self evaluate. Each unit has very different performance tasks to evaluate, but all soldiers are evaluated on the seven values of the Army at least twice a year.There is also reverse evaluations where soldiers have the opportunity to critique their leaders. Lastly after every mission the Army conducts and after action review where everyone can provide input. There is always a mandatory three positive comments period and three improves to ensure continuous improvement while remaining positive. For most situations the military has set up a structure where it is impossible to cheat on evaluations. Whether the tasks are team or individuali zed, the test results are hard to accomplish without actually doing the work.The key to performance management in the military is that the soldier knows what is expected of him or her and the consequences of not meeting those expectations, similar to how Joe Paterno treated his organization. The Army’s Organization structure is outlined by the chain of command. When to go above or around the chain of command is clearly defined in UCMJ as well as when you are authorized to dis-obey an order from that chain of command. While it is easy to say it is all written down, application in combat is the real test. The leadership in the organization will determine whether it works in the field or not.Soldiers can not be fearful of reporting wrong doing or negative results, and that comes down to their leaders to ensure what is written is implemented. The Military’s decision making process (MDMP) is a 300 plus page manual of which I took a one month long course on learning the proc ess. This process rivals six-sigma for in depth analyzing a problem and how to take the best course of action. The best example I can provide is that MDMP alone and how it relates to ethical culture in the military could be a five-page introduction.The Informal cultural system of the Army is the one that is most portrayed in the movies and stories, from Code Reds in â€Å"A Few Good Men,† to the heroics of the Band of Brothers in WWII these are the moments that soldiers live for. We spoke of the formal evaluation system, but the informal bond between leaders and soldiers is what really makes a soldier perform his duties to the best of his ability. Heroes are both formally and informally recognized. For every Medal of Honor winner there are 100 soldiers that have done impressive tasks that civilians could only imagine accomplishing.Norms, if they are positive are usually translated into doctrine over time, so most Norms only last a few years until they are wholly accepted. Rit uals however are very unit focused and are usually never written down. They are passed from leader to leader as a ritual itself during the change of command. Even today, 5 years removed from the military, the stories we tell amongst military friends are what motivate my actions to do the right thing. When we tell stories, you will immediately notice that we are speaking a language or code that is only understood by a few.Many of our values are questioned from the outside, by the way we speak in jargon or our fondness of tobacco and alcohol, but simply look at the actions of a military person and you will see his own language of values is thru â€Å"deeds not words,† my unit motto. Based on the examples and reading chapter 5, I believe even more so that the Army is a highly ethical organization. Compared to the organizations in the reading and the others I have worked for, there is no group who puts more time and effort to ensuring values in its actions and people than the US Army.While there are individuals who stray from the Army values, typically in their informal leadership methods, as a whole the formal and informal culture of the US Army are complimentary and exist to best promote the welfare of the Untied States. It is hard to criticize something you love, and that has been developing and evolving continuously over 200 years by some of the greatest leaders the World has ever seen. There is one key element to ensure the ethical culture environment of the US Army, to recruit personnel at the highest level possible.The Army cannot waiver in its recruitment of new soldiers to â€Å"meet the numbers. † Lowering the requirements for entry will only weaken the organization’s culture and ethical standards. There are always other areas fro improvement, but this one area is more important than all the others combined. I Andrew S. Driscoll affirm that I have neither given, utilized, received or witnessed unauthorized aid on this deliverable and have completed this work honestly and according to the professor’s guidelines.